Electromagnetic motor.



n No. 813,775. IMEI-m3@ 22', 190e.

M. CHBIIITBR.

BLECTROMAGNETIC MTGR. APPLICATION FILED rm. 20,1905.

MURRAY cnncvnn, or sosroN,

CORPORATION OF MAINE.

PAgnNfi" orrron.

MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO THE E. HOWARD 4ACLOCK COMPANY, OF BOSTON,MASSACHUSETTS, A

ELEoTsomAeNsi-io Moron.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb, 27, 190e.

Application filed February 20, 1905t Serial No. 246,423.

o (til whom it ina/ 2] concern Be it known that l, MURRAY Cnnnvnn, oflloston, in the county of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts, haveinvented certain new and useful improvements in Electromagnetic Motors,of which the following is tion.

n the required amount of motion may be given to the driven mechanism bya relatively small 'motion of the armature and requiring, consequently,a less expenditure of electrical energy and less powerful batteries orother devices for supplying electromotive force than are required bymotors ci this character now in use.

The invention particularly consists in an arrangement of .leversconnected to the armature of an electromagnet and suitably arM ranged tooperate a rotating driven mechanism by rwhich the movement of theconnection which operates the driven mechanism is varied in proportionas the strength of the ma netic attraction on the armature varies wit 1changes in the distance between the armature and the poles of themagnet, the details oi which l will now proceed to describe and claim,reference being had to the accom panying drawings, in winchm Figure irepresentsan elevation of an ap- Aijaratus oonstructeril in accoriilancewith my invention, sl'iowing` the driven. shaft in section. Fig. 2represents a fragmentary elevation showing the parts comprised betweenthe arrows et line. 2 52 in Fig. 1, as seen looking in the direction otthe arrows. Fig. 3 represente a corresponding elevation as seen lool;-ing in the direction of the arrows of line 3 3 of Fig. 1, Figs. e and 5representprespectively, sectional views taken on line "4 and 5 ofFig, 1. n

.llhe same reference characters indicate the same parte in all theiigures.

1 represents an electromagnet having polen pieces 2 3, adjacent towhich. is located an are :nature rt, adapted to he moved toward the aspecificav pole-pieces by magnetic attraction when a current olYelectricity is supplied to the electromagnet. .y The magnet is suitablyattached to a frame consisting oi the side pieces 5 6 and posts 7, theside pieces also containing pivots 8 9 10, upon which are rotatablymounted levers 111l 12 and a pawl 13. The armature is connected to oneof the levers, so as to move the same when it is itself moved toward oraway from the magnet, the preferred connection being that illustrated inthe drawings, wherein the armature is shown as being carried bythe arm14 of lever 11. The other arm or' this lever extends adjacent to andsubstantially parallel with the other lever 12, having one of its sidesor edges 15 in engagement with the adjacent edge 16 of lever 12, thelatter lever being retained in engagement with the lever 11 by a spring17, held at one end by a collar 18 on the post 7, its other end beingsuitably engaged. with lever 12. A preferred construction bywhich thisengage ment may be made is moreparticularly illustrated in Fig. It,which shows a hole 181, eX tending through a protuberance 19 on thelever, through which the end of spring 17 is passed. The length ot thehole is such that thespring ei'xgaging the opposite ends thereof onopposite sides of the axis is enabled to hold the'lever inithe positionshown in Fig. 1 and resist movement thereof away from lever 11, while atthe same time permitting movement under thc in lluence or@ a forcestrong enough to bend the spring.

Near its Free end lever 12 has pivoted to it at 20 a awl 21, which isadapted to engage the teet of a ratchetavheel 22, which is fast upon ashaft 23. The ratchetwheel and shaft constitute the driven mechzmism by'which motion is communicated to any fdc-4 sired apparatus, such as thehands of a clock, for this device is particularly intended as a clockmechanism, although. ol' course it is capable ol being applied tooperate any other mechanism whatever.

The construction and arrangement is such that the point of engagement otthe lovers being on the side of the pivot opposite tothe ar- IOO maturewhen the latter is moved toward the l magnet lever 12 is moved inopposition to the ystress of spring 17,110 withdraw pawl 21 from thetooth oi the ratchet with which it is engaged. VV' hen thed'cvice is sooperating, pawl i3 is caused to engage the ratchet and preventretraction of the same, the pawl being so arranged as to tend under theinfluence of gravity to engage the ratchet; but there is also provided ameans by which positive engagement may be insured, this means consistingof an arm 24, rigidly connected to lever 12 and carried around lever 11above and in close prommity to the free end of pawl 13. When the lever12 is retracted, this arm withdraws and engages the upper surface ofpawl 13, holding the same in contact with a tooth, This arm is raisedwhen being retracted and when moved far enough engages the under surfaceof pawl 21, holding the lat ter elevated. It may be arranged at anydesired height, so as to hold the pawl away from the ratchet until apredetermined time, and thus it may allow the pawl to fall intoengagement with the ratchet behind the next succeeding tooth and preventit engaging with the second tooth or any one farther removed from thatwith which the pawl is engaged in its advanced position, or it may bearranged to allow the pawl to engage any'of the' teethwithin the limitsof its motion.

25- is a stud mounted upon theside piece 5 adjacent the end of pawl 21and adapted to beI engaged by an inclined surface 26 on this pawl whenthe latter is advanced. The inclined surface causes the pawl to beforced by the stud into ositive engagement with a tooth of the rate etand also holds the pawl in such en agement, preventing it from beingraised 'an so locking the ratchet against movement in either directionby the application of yany external force.

1t will' be observed that the si'dey15 of lever 11 which engages lever12 is curved and that when the armature is separated most widely fromthe pces of the magnet the point of engaement between the levers is nearthe free en of 12 and near the fulc'rum of 11, while the levers are ontof engagement during the remainder of their lengths. As lever 11 isturned about its pivot the point of engagement between itself and theother lever will be shifted away from its pivot and toward the pivot oflever 12, the side 15 rolling upon the side' 16 of lever 12 and at thesame time forcing the latter lever to the left in opposition to thepressure of spring 17. Thus as these levers are successivel moved thearm of lever 11 which engages Elever 12 continually becomes longer,while' the arm of lever 12 between its point of engagement with lever 11and its pivot becomes correspondin ly shorter, itbeing understood thatduringt is motion the armature is being moved toward the magnet, thedirectionof shifting of the point or engagement being reversed when thevarmature is moving away from the magnet.

Thereby for equal intervals of motion of the Y armature toward themagnet the movement of the end o" lever 12 is increaseds-thatis, a Vmuchgreatn amount or movement is given eraf/v5 lever 12 when the armature isnearest the magnet than when it is most distantly removed. Thisarrangement iS, vided for the reason that the attraction of the magnetfor the armature varies with differences in the distance, beinginvc.scly proportional to the squares ofthe distances between thc magnetand armature, and the shapes of the en gaging surfaces of the two leversare such that the greatest portion of the work reuired to move the lever12 against the tension of its spring a suflicient amount to cause thepawl to engage a subsequent tooth is performed' by lever 11 when thearmature is nearest the magnet. The springY exerts a rcsistance ofconstant force, while the loire of the magnet is con n aratively slightwhen the armature is at its greatest distance from the magnet andincreases as the armature ap preaches the magnet, and consequently thelevers are so arranged that the work donc by them in overcoming theresistance of the spring is small at thel` beginning of their motion andincreases as nearly as possible in ein act proportion to the increase inthe force of the magnetic attraction of the magnet for the armature asthe parts are moved, the engaging surfaces 15 and 16 being shapedso asto cause this result to take place. A stop 27 is provided in position tobe engaged by lever 11 to prevent the armature being moved away from themagnet more than a limited distance.

Electric current is supplied to the magnet from any suitable source ofsupply, such as a battery or dynamo, and is interrupted inten.niittently by any well-known device, so that the pole-pieces ol themagnet are magnctized and demagnetized at intervals which when theapparatus is used as a clock are regular. Thus the armature isalternately drawn to ward the magnet, withdrawing thc pawl 21 againstthe tension of s, ring i7 and released u `ion the interruption of thecurrent. which allows the spring then to project the pawl and turntheratchet a distance of one tooth or more, according `to theI proportionsof the parts, and at the same tiun` withdraw the armature from themagnet.

By the construction and arrangement described l am enabled to employ amagnet of less power and a current of less quantity and force than isnecessary where the driven mechanism is moved in direct proportion tothe amount of movement of the armature for the reason that when themovement of the d'riven mechanism is of uniform amount throughout theforce necessary to start the same must be at least as great as thatnecessary to continue its motion throughout its entire extent, and thusthe increased pull ei:-

erted by the magnet as the armature aproaches it is not used, but issimply wa sted. 7Vith my apparatus, however, very little force isnecessary to commence the move- IOC ment, andv conse uei'itlyconn'iaratively we/ali magnetic pini 1s enlicient to atart the device,While by the time the greatest portion of the Werl?. must beaccomplished the arma ture has moved so nearthe magnet that theattraction 'is strong enough to accomplish the Work, and allfo'tl ,theenergy provided is ntiliaedl Evidently, therefore, the superior economyin the use', of power whichl l obtainv by-"n'v .invention permits botheconomy of" .material in constructing the apparatus and economy inoperation.

llt-1e evident that the exact arrangement of the levers is notessential,v since, if desired, the pivot. of the lever which carries thearmature In ayl be at one end thereol2 and the levers may be arranged sothat the magnetic pull will. actnate the lever l2 directly to 'turn l.iet instead of to move it away from :iet eo that a spring can move iton its o erative stroke, theessential features be-4 gagement and oferation bv saidlever said ever and member being soiconstrncted andarranged that as the armature is moved and the force of themagneticattraction upon lit is varied, the amount of motion in'ipartedto thesaid member by the lever is varied in proportion, and mechanism havingconnection with said member eo as to he driven thereby withste"pbys-xtcp movement.

2. .ln a magnetic motor, an electroniagnet, a lever, an armztture lierthe magnet carried. by. Said lever and adapted to be i'noved. by

.the attraction ci' the magnet, a movable member adapted. to be moved bysaid lever, the s. id lever and n'ien'lber beingr constructed andarranged so that the l'orce ol. said lever .is applied to said member4at points at varying :.lis'tances lroin tin` pivot oi' the lever as thedistance bi'rftween' the inagiict and armature is varied, mecl'ianismmovable step by step,

and driving.;I connections between said .menibcr and if lchanisni forintermittently operH ating` the .matteiy' 35 ln a magnetic motor, anelectromagnet, alever, an armature for the magnet carried by said leverand adapted to be moved by the attraction of the lmagnet, driven mechfaniem n'iovable step by sten, second lever, and .intermittently-actingconnections lwith said lever adapted to operato Qld mechanism, the saidlevers being arranged to engage.`

each other, and one 01"' said levers being curved at its engagingsurface to cause the point of engagement to shift as the armature ismoved relatively to the magnet and the armaturacarrying lever movedthereby.

4.. .ln a magnetic motor, an electroniagnet, 7o

a rotary driven. member, a movable armature for the magnet', a leverhaving a reciprocating connection arranged for rotating said` drivenmember, and a second lever connected to the armature, and arranged toengage and 75 move said first lever, Said. levers being oonstructed andarranged so that as one is moved its point of engagement with the otheris caused to shift so as to increase the amount,

of movement imparted to the other lever pro- 8o portionately to thevariations in the amount of the attraction of the 'magnet on thearmature due to the varying distances between .the magnet and armature.

5.v In a magnetic motor, an electromagnet, 8 5

a lever, an armature for the magnet carried by said lever and adapted tobe moved by the attraction of the magnet, a rotary shaft, and @secondlever having reciprocatory connectiona. arranged to communicate rotary9omovement to said shaft, and being engaged with said Erst lever, thesaid iirst lever having its engaging eide longitudinally curved so thatas it is moved its point of engagement ywith the second lever islshifted to varying 9 5 `distances from its pivot to cause the force re-`ceived therefrom by the second lever to vary inversely to the 'force ofthe magnetic attraction acting on the armature.

6. In a magnetic motor, an electromagnet, roo

a lever, an armature for the magnet carried by Said lever and adapted tobe moved by the attraction of the ma net, a shaft, a ratchet mounted onthe Sha t, a second lever,

and a pavvl carried thereby and arranged to 105 engage said. ratchet,the second lever being engaged and operated by the 'first lever, andsaid levers beingso constructed and arranged that they are caused. toengage at points varying ,in distance from their pivots as the iirstLrio lever is moved and the distance vbetaveen the arniatnrc and magnetvaried.

'7. ln a magnetic motor, an. electromagnet, a lever, an. armature forthe magnet carried by Said lever and .adapted to be moved by 115 theattraction of tne magnet, a shaft, a ratchet mounted on theshaft, asecond lever mounted. for engagement and operat'on by the 'Erst-namedlever, a pawl 'carried ily said` second lever and arrangedto engage,said r'z' ratchet intermittently, and a stationary pawl arranged toengage and hold the ratchet While the lever-carried pavvl is out ofengagement therewith 8. in a magnetic motor7 an electromagnet, r2 5 alever, an armature for the magnet carried by said lever and adaptedtoibo moved by the attraction of Cthe magnet, a shaft, a ratchet mountedoli the shaft, a second lever@ mounted for engagement and operatin bys13o 51eme the first-'named lever, d pnwl carried by Seid second lowerend a-renged -to enga-ge said ratchet intermittently, a stationary pewlarranged toengage and hold the ratchet Whilethe lever-carried pawl isout of enge ement therewith, und means for engaging sei( pewlsalternately.

' E). In n magnetic motor, en electromegnet, a, lever7 en armature forthe magnet carried bysnd lever and adapted to he moved by the.attraction of the magnet, e slmft, a ratchet mounted on the shalt,second lever mounted for engagementend operation by the first-namedlever7 e pawl carried by Seid Vsecond lever and arranged to engage said.

ratchet intermittently, and means located in l the 'ath of movement ofseid aWl arranffed to be engaged by said peWl and to force and hold theseme in positive engagement with the ,teeth of the ratchet When'the pewlis pro jected.

10. In a magnetic motor, en electromegnet,

a, lever, en armature for the magnet carriedl bysftid leverand adaptedto he moved lay the' attraction of' the magnet, ev shalt. e, ratchetmounted on the. ehmft,A a eecondlever mounted for engagement andloperette,Il by the first-named lever, efpnwl carried hyeil secondleverend arranged to engegefseid ratchet intermittently, e stetiozielrypgigwl are" ranged to engage endvhold the ratchet while thelever-carried pmi/1l is ontA lengegement; therewitheideviee adapted teenge the lofA vencerred pevvl toil/old tl-legame in engagement with theteeth of the ratchet wlienvthe. @gh llvfzupde )ted to' l yin e111 iMURRAY `@Item-nn.

Witnesses C. E. SrrLn-e,

E. L. MASQN,

